Anchore Enforce - Compliance Management

1 - Policy Overview

What is a policy?

A policy is composed of a set of rules that are used to perform an evaluation on a source repository or container image. These rules include—but are not limited to—checks on security, known vulnerabilities, configuration file contents, the presence of credentials, manifest changes, exposed ports, or any user defined checks.

Policies can be deployed site wide, or customized to run against specific sources, container images, or categories of application. For additional information, refer to the Policy concepts section.

Once a policy has been applied to a source repository or image container, it can return one of two results:

• “Passed” indicating that source or image complies with your policy.

• “Failed” indicating that the source or image is non-compliant with your policy.

A policy includes the following elements:

• Rule Sets

  A policy is made up from a set of rules that are used to perform an evaluation on a source repository or container image. These policies can be deployed site wide or customized for specific source repositories, container images, or categories of applications. A policy may contain one or more named rule sets.

  Policy rule checks are made up of gates and triggers. A gate is a set of policy checks against broad categories like vulnerabilities, secret scans, licenses, and so forth. It will include one or more triggers, which are checks specific to the gate category. For additional information, refer to the Policy Rules concepts section.

  The policy additionally specifies the following action results:

  • STOP: Critical error that should stop the deployment by failing the policy evaluation.
  • WARN: Issue a warning.
  • GO: Okay to proceed.

  The result of an evaluation will be based on the actions configured in your rule set.

  If you are creating a policy rule for a source repository, only vulnerabilities checks are available.

• Allowlists

  An allowlist contains one or more exceptions that can be used during policy evaluations, such as allowing a CVE to be excluded. A policy may contain multiple allowlists.

• Mappings

  A policy mapping defines which policies and allowlists should be used to perform the policy evaluation of a given source repository or container image. A policy may contain multiple mappings including wildcard mappings that apply to multiple elements.

• Allowed Images

  An allowed images list defines one or more images that will always pass policy evaluation regardless of any policy violations. Allowed images can be specified by name, image ID, or image digest. A policy contains a single list of allowed images.

• Denied Images

  A denied images list defines one or more images that will always fail policy evaluation. Denied images can be specified by name, image ID, or image digest. A policy contains a single list of denied images.

Listing Policies

The Policies tab contains a table that lists the policies defined within an account.

Note: A lock icon next to the policy name indicates that the policy cannot be deleted. Policy rules that are used by policy mappings in the policy (which will be listed under the Mappings column entry within the Edit option) cannot be deleted until they are removed from every associated mapping.

Policies can also be managed directly using the REST API or the anchorectl policy command. It is recommended that any policy configuration be handled via UI and not AnchoreCTL

# anchorectl policy list
 ✔ Fetched policies
┌────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────────────────────┐
│ NAME           │ POLICY ID                            │ ACTIVE │ UPDATED              │
├────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────┤
│ Default policy │ 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060 │ true   │ 2023-10-25T20:39:28Z │
│ devteam1policy │ da8208a2-c8ae-4cf2-a25b-a52b0cdcd789 │ false  │ 2023-10-25T20:47:16Z │
└────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┴────────┴──────────────────────┘
** times are reported in UTC

Using the policy get command, summary or detailed information about a policy can be retrieved. The policy is referenced using its unique POLICY ID.

# anchorectl policy get 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
 ✔ Fetched policy
Name: Default policy
ID: 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
Comment: Default policy
Policies:
  - artifactType: image
    comment: System default policy
    id: 48e6f7d6-1765-11e8-b5f9-8b6f228548b6
    name: DefaultPolicy
    rules:
      - action: STOP
        gate: dockerfile
        id: ce7b8000-829b-4c27-8122-69cd59018400
        params:
          - name: ports
            value: "22"
          - name: type
            value: denylist
        trigger: exposed_ports
...
...

The policy can be downloaded in JSON format by passing the --detail parameter.

# anchorectl policy get 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060 --detail -o json-raw > policy.json
 ✔ Fetched policy

Tools and Edit

The Tools dropdown menu in the Actions column provides options to:

• Edit the policy
• Copy the policy
• Download the policy as a JSON document
• Delete the policy (if it is not being used by any policy mapping)

The Edit button provides options to view and edit:

• Rule Sets
• Allowlists
• Mappings
• Allowed/Denied Images

1.1 - Managing Policies

Policies

The Policy tab displays a list of policies that are loaded in the system. Each policy has a unique name, unique ID (UUID), and an optional description.

Anchore Enterprise supports multiple policies. AnchoreCTL, API, and CI/CD plugins support specifying a policy when requesting an source repository or container image evaluation. For example, the development team may use a different set of policy checks than the operations team. In this case, the development team would specify their policy ID as part of their policy evaluation request.

If no policy ID is specified, then Anchore Enterprise will use the active policy which can be considered as the default policy. Only one policy can be set as default/active at any time. This policy will be highlighted with a green ribbon.

Note: Policies which are not marked as Active can still be explicitly requested as part of a policy evaluation.

If multiple users are accessing Policies, or if policies are being added or removed through the API or AnchoreCTL, then you may update the list of policies by clicking on the Refresh the Policy List button.

The following command can be run to list policies using AnchoreCTL:

# anchorectl policy list

Adding and Editing Policies

You can add a new policy with custom rule rests within the Policies tab.

1. Click Create New Policy and provide a name and description.

2. Click Add New Rule Set and select Source Repository if you want the new policy to apply to a source, or select Container Image to have the policy apply to an image.

3. You can configure each rule set under the Edit option. Start by selecting an item from the Gate dropdown list, where each item represents a category of policy checks.

   Note: If you are creating a policy rule for a source repository, only vulnerabilities are available.

4. After selecting a gate item, hover over the (i) indicator next to Gate to see additional descriptive details about the gate you have selected.

5. Click the Triggers drop down and select a specific check that you want associated with this item, such as package, vulnerability data unavailable, and so on. Triggers may have parameters, some of which may be optional.

   If any optional parameters are associated with the trigger you select, these will also be displayed in an additional field where they can be added or removed. Optional parameters are described in more detail in the next section.

6. Select an action to apply to the policy rule. Choose STOP, WARN, or GO. The action options are only displayed once all required parameters have been provided, or if no mandatory parameters are required. Once an action has been selected, the rule is added to the main list of rules contained in the policy.

7. Click Save and Close.

# anchorectl policy add --input /path/to/policy/policy.json

Note: Adding a policy will not automatically make it active. You will need to activate the policy using the activate command.

The policy activate command can be used to activate a policy. The policy is referenced using its unique POLICY ID which can be retrieved using the policy list command.

# anchorectl policy activate 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d061
 ✔ Activate policy
┌─────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────────────────────┐
│ NAME            │ POLICY ID                            │ ACTIVE │ UPDATED              │
├─────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────┤
│ Default policy  │ 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d061 │ true   │ 2023-10-25T20:50:17Z │
└─────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┴────────┴──────────────────────┘

Upload a Policy

If you have a JSON document containing an existing policy, then you can upload it into Anchore Enterprise.

1. Click Add a Local File to upload or paste a valid policy JSON.

2. You can drag a policy file into the dropzone. Or, you can click the “Add a Local File” button to add from the local file system.

3. Click OK to perform a validation on a policy. Only validated policies may be stored by Anchore Enterprise.

Note: The following command can be run to add policies using AnchoreCTL

# anchorectl policy add --input /path/to/my/policy/bundle.json

Copy an Existing Policy

If you already have a policy that you would like to use as a base for another policy, you can make a copy of it, give it a new name, and then work with the policies, mappings, allowlists, and allowed or denied images.

1. From the Tools list, select Copy Policy.

2. Enter a unique name for the copy of the policy.

3. Optional: You can add a description to explain the new policy. This is recommended.

4. Click OK to copy the policy.

Download a Policy

1. From the Tools menu, select Download to JSON.

2. The JSON file is downloaded just like any other downloaded file to your computer. Save the downloaded JSON file to your location of choice.

Note: Use the following command to download a policy using AnchoreCTL. The policy must be referenced by its UUID. For example:

# anchorectl policy get 4c1627b0-3cd7-4d0f-97da-00be5aa835f4 --detail > policy.json

Delete a Policy

If you no longer use a policy, you can delete it. An active (default) policy cannot be deleted. To delete the active policy first you must mark another policy as active.

1. From the Tools menu, select Delete Policy.

2. Click Yes to confirm that you want to delete the policy.

*Warning: Once the policy is deleted, you cannot recover it.

Note: Use the following command to delete a policy using AnchoreCTL. The policy must be referenced by its UUID. For example:

# anchorectl policy delete 4c1627b0-3cd7-4d0f-97da-00be5aa835f4

Example Gate Configuration

The following example shows a sophisticated policy check. The metadata gate has a single trigger that allows checks to be performed against various attributes of an image, including image size, architecture, and operating system distribution:

The Attribute parameter drop-down includes a number of attributes taken from image metadata, including the operating system distribution, number of layers, and architecture of the image (AMD64, ARM, and so forth).

Once an attribute has been selected, the Check dropdown is used to create a comparison expression.

The type of comparison varies based on the attribute. For example the numeric comparison operators such as >, <, >= would be relevant for numeric field such as size, while other operators such as not in may be useful for querying data field such as distro.

In this example, by entering rhel centos oracle in the Value field, our rule will check that the distro (that is, the operating system) under analysis is not RHEL, Centos, or Oracle.

Optional Parameters

If a trigger has optional parameters, they will be automatically displayed in the policy editor, and an editable field next to the Triggers drop-down will show all the current selections.

You can remove unneeded optional parameters by clicking the X button associated with each entry in the Optional Parameters list, or by clicking the X button within each associated parameter block.

If an optional parameter is removed, it can be reapplied to the rule by clicking the Optional Parameters field and selecting it from the resulting dropdown list.

1.2 - Anchore Policy Checks

Introduction

In this document, we describe the current gates (and related triggers and parameters) that are supported within Anchore policy.

Gate: dockerfile

Checks against the content of a dockerfile if provided, or a guessed dockerfile based on docker layer history if the dockerfile is not provided.

Note For further information on usage see Policy Gate: Dockerfile

Gate: files

Checks against files in the analyzed image including file content, file names, and filesystem attributes.

Gate: passwd_file

Content checks for /etc/passwd for things like usernames, group ids, shells, or full entries.

Gate: packages

Distro package checks.

Gate: vulnerabilities

CVE/Vulnerability checks.

Gate: licenses

License checks against found software licenses in the container image.

Gate: secret_scans

Checks for secrets and content found in the image using configured regexes found in the “secret_search” section of analyzer_config.yaml.

Gate: metadata

Checks against image metadata (ie size, OS, distro, architecture, etc.).

Gate: always

Triggers that fire unconditionally if present in policy, useful for things like testing and deny-listing.

Gate: retrieved_files

Checks against content and/or presence of files retrieved at analysis time from an image.

Gate: Malware

Checks against malware presence.

Gate: Tag Drift

Compares the SBOM from the evaluated image’s tag and the tag’s previous image, if found. Provides triggers to detect packages added, removed or modified.

Gate: Image Source Drift

Triggers for evaluating diffs of an image’s source repo SBOM and the built image. Operates on the diffs defined by ‘contains’ relationships where the image is the ‘source’ and the source revisions that are the ’target’ for the relationship.

Gate: Ancestry

Checks the image ancestry against approved images. See Base Images for more information on how “Base Image” is calculated.

Gate: Distro

Checks against the image distro metadata. This can be used to denylist versions of a distro, such as versions that are EOL.

1.3 - Policy Mappings

Introduction

The Mapping feature of the Policy Editor creates rules that define which policies and allowlists should be used to perform the policy evaluation of a source repository or container image based on the registry, repository name, and tag of the image.

The policy editor lets you set up different policies that will be used on different images based on the use case. For example the policy applied to a web-facing service may have different security and operational best practices rules than a database backend service.

A mapping has:

• Registry - The registry url to match, including wildcards (e.g. ‘docker.io’, ‘quay.io’, ‘gcr.io’, ‘*’)
• Repository - The repository name to match, including wildcards (e.g. ’library/nginx’, ‘mydockerhubusername/myrepositoryname’, ’library/*’, ‘*’)
• Image - The way to select an image that matches the registry and repository filters
  • type: how to reference the image and the expected format of the ‘value’ property
    • “tag” - just the tag name itself (the part after the ‘:’ in a docker pull string: e.g. nginx:latest -> ’latest’ is the tag name)
    • “id” - the image id
    • “digest” - the image digest (e.g. sha256@abc123)
  • value: the value to match against, including wildcards

For example:

In this example,an image named registry.example.com/anchore/webapi:latest would match this mapping, and so the policy and allowlist configured for this mapping would be applied.

Unlike other parts of the policy, Mappings are evaluated in order and will halt on the first matching rule. This is important to understand when combined with wildcard matches since it enables sophisticated matching behavior.

Note: The trusted images and denylisted images lists take precedence over the mapping. See Allowed / Denied Images for details.

It is recommended that a final catch-all mapping is applied to ensure that all images are mapped to a policy. This catch-all mapping should specify wildcards in the registry, repository, and tag fields.

1.3.1 - Container Image Mapping

Introduction

The container image policy mapping editor creates rules that define which policies and allowlists should be used to perform the policy evaluation of an image based on the registry, repository name, and tag of the image.

Create a New Image Container Mapping

1. From the Policies screen, click Mappings.

   

2. Under Container Images, click on the “Let’s add one!” button.

3. From the Add New Container Image Mapping dialog, add a name for the mapping, the policy for which the mapping will apply (added automatically), a registry, a repository, and a tag. You can optionally add an allowlist for the mapping.

   Note Once you have created your first mapping, any mapping that is created afterwards will contain an additional optional field called Position. Image evaluation is performed sequentially from top to bottom. The system will stop at the first match, so the order or position of the mapping is important.

   

4. Click OK to create the new mapping.

   It is recommended that a final catch-all mapping is applied to ensure that all container images are mapped to a policy. This catch-all mapping should specify wildcards in the registry, repository, and tag fields.

Using the policy editor, you can set up different policies that will be used on different images based on use case. For example the policy applied to a web facing service may have different security and operational best practices rules than a database backend service.

Mappings are set up based on the registry, repository, and tag of an image. Each field supports wildcards. For example:

In this example, an imaged named registry.example.com/anchore/webapi:latest would match this mapping, so the policy and allowlist configured for this mapping would be applied.

The mappings are applied in order, from top to bottom and the system will stop at the first match.

Note: The allowed images and denied images lists take precedence over the mapping. See Allowed / Denied Images for details.

1.3.2 - Source Repository Mapping

The source repository policy mapping editor creates rules that define which policies and allowlists should be used to perform the policy evaluation of a source repository based on the host, and repository name.

Organizations can set up multiple policies that will be used on different source repositories based on use case. For example the policy applied to a web facing service may have different security and operational best practices rules than a database backend service.

Mappings are set up based on the Host and Repository of a source repository. Each field supports wildcards.

Create a Source Repository Mapping

1. From the Policies screen, click Mappings.

   

2. Under Source Repositories, click on the “Let’s add one!” button.

3. From the Add New Source Repository Mapping dialog, add a name for the mapping, choose the policy for which the mapping will apply, a host (such as github.com), and a repository. You can optionally add an allowlist for the mapping.

   Note Once you have created your first mapping, any mapping that is created afterwards will contain an additional optional field called Position. Image evaluation is performed sequentially from top to bottom. The system will stop at the first match, so the order or position of the mapping is important.

   

4. Click OK to create the new mapping.

1.3.3 - Policy Mappings Example

Mappings in the policy are a set of rules, evaluated in order, that describe matches on an image, id, digest, or tag and the corresponding sets of policies and allowlists to apply to any image that matches the rule’s criteria.

Policies can contain one or more mapping rules that are used to determine which rule_sets and allowlists apply to a given image. They match images on the registry and repository, and finally be one of id, digest, or tag.

Examples

Example 1, all images match a single catch-all rule:

[
  {
    "registry": "*",
    "repository": "*",
    "image": { "type": "tag", "value": "*"},
    "rule_set_ids": ["defaultpolicy"],
    "allowlist_ids": ["defaultallowlist"]
  }
]

Example 2, all “official” images from DockerHub are evaluated against officialspolicy and officialsallowlist (made up names for this example), while all others from DockerHub will be evaluated against defaultpolicy and defaultallowlist , and private GCR images will be evaluated against gcrpolicy and gcrallowlist:

[
  {
    "registry": "docker.io",
    "repository": "library/*",
    "image": { "type": "tag", "value": "*"},
    "rule_set_ids": [ "officialspolicy"],
    "allowlist_ids": [ "officialsallowlist"]
  },
  {
    "registry": "gcr.io",
    "repository": "*",
    "image": { "type": "tag", "value": "*"},
    "rule_set_ids": [ "gcrpolicy"],
    "allowlist_ids": [ "gcrallowlist"]
  },
  {
    "registry": "*",
    "repository": "*",
    "image": { "type": "tag", "value": "*"},
    "rule_set_ids": [ "defaultpolicy"],
    "allowlist_ids": [ "defaultallowlist"]
  }
]

Example 3, all images from a unknown registry will be evaluated against defaultpolicy and defaultallowlist, and an internal registry’s images will be evaluated against a different set (internalpolicy and internalallowlist):

[
  {
    "registry": "myregistry.mydomain.com:5000",
    "repository": "*",
    "image": { "type": "tag", "value": "*"},
    "policy_ids": [ "internalpolicy"],
    "allowlist_ids": [ "internalallowlist"]
  },
  {
    "registry": "*",
    "repository": "*",
    "image": { "type": "tag", "value": "*"},
    "policy_ids": [ "defaultpolicy"],
    "allowlist_ids": [ "defaultallowlist"]
  }
]

Using Multiple Policies and Allowlists

The result of the evaluation of the mapping section of a policy is the list of rule sets and allowlists that will be used for actually evaluating the image. Because multiple rule sets and allowlists can be specified in each mapping rule, you can use granular rule sets and allowlists and then combine them in the mapping rules.

Examples of schemes to use for how to split-up policies include:

• Different policies for different types of checks such that each policy only uses one or two gates (e.g. vulnerabilities, packages, dockerfile)
• Different policies for web servers, another for database servers, another for logging infrastructure, etc.
• Different policies for different parts of the stack: os-packages vs. application package

1.4 - Allowlists

Introduction

An allowlist contains one or more exceptions that can be used during policy evaluation. For example allowing a CVE to be excluded from policy evaluation.

The Allowlist tab shows a list of allowlists present in the policy. Allowlists are an optional element of the policy, and a policy may contain multiple instances.

Add a New Allowlist

1. Click Add New Allowlist to create a new, empty allowlist.

2. Add a name for the allowlist. A name is required and should be unique.

3. Optional: Add a description. A description is recommended. Often the description is updated as new entries are added to the allowlist to explain any background. For example “Updated to account for false positive in glibc library”.

   

Upload or Paste an Allowlist

If you have a JSON document containing an existing allowlist, then you can upload it into Anchore Enterprise.

1. Click Import Allowlist to upload an allowlist. You can also manually edit the allowlist in the native JSON format.

   

2. Drag an allowlist file into the dropzone. Or, you can click the “Add a Local File” button and load it from a local filesystem.

3. Click OK to upload the allowlist. The system will perform a validation for the allowlist. Only validated allowlists may be stored by Anchore Enterprise.

Example allowlist:

{
  "id": "allowlist1",
  "name": "My First Allowlist",
  "comment": "A allowlist for my first try",
  "version": "2",
  "items": [
    {
      "gate": "vulnerabilities",
      "trigger_id": "CVE-2018-0737+*",
      "id": "rule1",
      "expires_on": "2019-12-30T12:00:00Z"
    }
  ]
}

Copying a Allowlists

You can copy an existing allowlist, give it a new name, and use it for a policy evaluation.

1. From the Tools drop down, select Copy Allowlist.

   

2. Enter a unique name for the allowlist.

3. Optional: Add a description. This is recommended. Often the description is updated as new entries are added to the allowlist to explain any background.

   

Downloading Allowlists

You can download an existing allowlists as a JSON file. From the Tools drop down, click Download to JSON.

Editing Allowlists

The Allowlists editor allows new allowlist entries to be created, and existing entries to be edited or removed.

The components:

• Gate: The gate the allowlist matches from (ensures trigger_ids are not matched in the wrong context).
• Trigger Id: The specific trigger result to match and allowlist. This id is gate/trigger specific as each trigger may have its own trigger_id format. We’ll use the most common for this example: the CVE trigger ids produced by the vulnerability->package gate-trigger. The trigger_id specified may include wildcards for partial matches.
• id: an identifier for the rule, must only be unique within the allowlist object itself.
• Expires On: (optional) specifies when a particular allowlist item expires. This is an RFC3339 date-time string. If the rule matches, but is expired, the policy engine will NOT allowlist according to that match.

The allowlist is processed if it is specified in the mapping rule that was matched during policy evaluation and is applied to the results of the policy evaluation defined in that same mapping rule. If a allowlist item matches a specific policy trigger output, then the action for that output is set to go and the policy evaluation result notes that the trigger output was matched for a allowlist item by associating it with the allowlist id and item id of the match.

1. Choose an allowlist to edit, then click Edit.

   

   Anchore Enterprise supports allowlisting any policy trigger, however the Allowlists editor currently supports only adding Anchore Security checks, allowing vulnerabilities to be allowlisted.

2. Choose a gate for the allowlist, for example, vulnerabilities.

   

   A vulnerabilities allowlists entry includes two elements: A CVE / Vulnerability Identifier and a Package.

3. Enter a CVE / Vulnerability Identifier. The CVE/Vulnerability Identifier field contains the vulnerability that should be matched by the allowlists. This can include wildcards.

   

   For example: CVE-2017-7246. This format should match the format of the CVEs shown in the image vulnerabilities report. Wildcards are supported, however, care should be taken with using wildcards to prevent allowlisting too many vulnerabilities.

4. Enter a package. The package name field contains the package that should be matched with a vulnerability. For example libc-bin.

   

   Wildcards are also supported within the Package name field.

   An allowlists entry may include entries for both the CVE and Package field to specify an exact match, for example: Vulnerability: CVE-2005-2541 Package: tar.

   In other cases, wildcards may be used where a multiple packages may match a vulnerability. For example, where multiple packages are built from the same source. Vulnerability: CVE-2017-9000 Package: bind-*

   In this example the packages bind-utils, bind-libs and bind-license will all be allowlisted for CVE-2017-9000.

   Special care should be taken with wildcards in the CVE / Vulnerability Identifier field. In most cases a specific vulnerability identifier will be entered. In some exceptional cases a wild card in this field may be appropriate.

   A good example of a valid use case for a wildcard in the CVE / Vulnerability Identifier field is the bind-license package. This package include a single copyright text file and is included by default in all CentOS:7 images.

   CVEs that are reported against the Bind project are typically applied to all packages built from the Bind source package. So when a CVE is found in Bind it is common to see a CVE reported against the bind-license package. To address this use case it is useful to add an allowlists entry for any vulnerability (*) to the bind-license package.

   

5. Optional: Click to edit an allowlist.

6. Optional: Click Remove to delete an allowlist.

7. Ensure that all changes are saved before exiting out of the Edit Allowlists Items Page. At that point the edits will be sent to Anchore Enterprise.

1.5 - Allowed / Denied Images

Introduction

You can add or edit allowed or denied images for your policy rules.

The Allowed / Denied Images tab is split into the following two sub tabs:

• Allowed Images: A list of images which will always pass policy evaluation irrespective of any policies that are mapped to them.

• Denied Images: A list if images which will always fail policy evaluation irrespective of any policies that are mapped to them.

  

Add an Allowed or Denied Image to a Policy

1. If you do not have any allowed or denied images in your policy, click Let’s add one! to add them.

   

   

   The workflow for adding Allowed or Denied Images is identical.

2. Images can be referenced in one of the following ways:

• By Name: including the registry, repository and tag. For example: docker.io/library/centos:latest

  The name does not have to be unique but it is recommended that the identifier is descriptive.

  

• By Image ID: including the full image ID. For example: e934aafc22064b7322c0250f1e32e5ce93b2d19b356f4537f5864bd102e8531f

  

  The full Image ID should be entered. This will be a 64 hex characters. There are a variety of ways to retrieve the ID of an image including using the AnchoreCTL, Anchore UI, and Docker command.

• By Image Digest: including the registry, repository and image digest of the image. For example: docker.io/library/centos@sha256:989b936d56b1ace20ddf855a301741e52abca38286382cba7f44443210e96d16

  

3. Click OK to add the Allowed or Denied Image item to your policy.

   See the following sections for more details about the Name, Image ID, and Image Digest.

   For most use cases, it is recommended that the image digest is used to reference the image since an image name is ambiguous. Over time different images may be tagged with the same name.

   If an image appears on both the Allowed Images and Denied Images lists, then the Denied Image takes precedence and the image will be failed.

   The Allowed Images list will show a list of any allowed images defined by the system includes the following fields:

   • Allowlist Name A user friendly name to identify the image(s).

   • Type Describes how the image has been specified. By Name, ID, or Digest.

   • Image The specification used to define the image.

   • Actions The actions you can set for the allowed image.

     The button can be used to copy the image specification into the clipboard.

     An existing image may be deleted using the or edited by pressed the button.

Adding an Image by Image ID

The full Image ID should be entered. This will be a 64 hex characters. There are a variety of ways to retrieve the ID of an image including using the AnchoreCTL, Anchore UI and Docker command.

Using AnchoreCTL

$ anchorectl image get library/debian:latest | grep ID
ID: 8626492fecd368469e92258dfcafe055f636cb9cbc321a5865a98a0a6c99b8dd

Using Docker CLI

$ docker images --no-trunc debian:latest

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/debian    latest              sha256:8626492fecd368469e92258dfcafe055f636cb9cbc321a5865a98a0a6c99b8dd   3 days ago          101 MB

By default the docker CLI displays a short ID, the long ID is required and it can be displayed by using the –no-trunc parameter.

Note: The algorithm (sha256:) should not be entered into the Image ID field.

Adding an Image by Digest

When adding an image by Digest the following fields are required:

• Registry. For example: docker.io

• Repository. For example: library/debian

• Digest. For example: sha256:de3eac83cd481c04c5d6c7344cd7327625a1d8b2540e82a8231b5675cef0ae5f

The full identifier for this image is: docker.io/library/debian@sha256:de3eac83cd481c04c5d6c7344cd7327625a1d8b2540e82a8231b5675cef0ae5f

Note: The tag is not used when referencing an image by digest.

There are a variety of ways to retrieve the digest of an image including using the AnchoreCTL, Anchore UI, and Docker command.

Using AnchoreCTL

$ anchorectl image get library/debian:latest | grep Digest
Digest: sha256:7df746b3af67bbe182a8082a230dbe1483ea1e005c24c19471a6c42a4af6fa82

Using Docker CLI

$ docker images --digests debian
REPOSITORY          TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/debian    latest              sha256:de3eac83cd481c04c5d6c7344cd7327625a1d8b2540e82a8231b5675cef0ae5f   8626492fecd3        1 days ago          101 MB

Note: Unlike the Image ID entry, the algorithm (sha256:) is required.

Adding an Image by Name

When adding an image by Name, the following fields are required:

• Registry. For example: docker.io

• Repository. For example: library/debian

• Tag. For example: latest

Note: Wild cards are supported, so to trust all images from docker.io you would enter docker.io in the Registry field, and add a * in the Repository and Tag fields.

1.6 - Testing Policies

Introduction

The Evaluation Preview feature allows you to perform a test evaluation on an image to verify the mapping, policies and allowlists used to evaluate an image.

To test an image you should enter the name of the image, optionally including the registry if the image is not stored on docker.io In the example below an evaluate was requested for library/debian:latest because no registry was specified the default, docker.io registry was used.

Here we can see that the image was evaluated against the policy named “anchore_security_only” and failed, resulting in a STOP action.

Clicking the “View Policy Test Details” will show a more detailed report.

The image was evaluated using the mapping named and the evaluation failed as the image was found in a denylist.

The next line explains that the image had been denylisted by the Deny CentOS denylist rule, however if the image was not denylisted, it would only have produced a WARN instead of a failure.

The subsequent table lists the policy checks that resulted in any Warn or Stop (failure) checks.

The policy checks are performed on images already analyzed and recorded in Anchore Enterprise. If an image has been added to the system but has not yet completed analysis, then the system will display the following error:

If the evaluation test is re-run after a few minutes, the image will likely have completed analysis and a policy evaluation result will be returned.

If the image specified has not been analyzed by the system and has not been submitted for analysis, then the following error message will be displayed.

1.6.1 - Policy Gate: dockerfile

Introduction

This article reviews the “dockerfile” gate and its triggers. The dockerfile gate allows users to perform checks on the content of the dockerfile or docker history for an image and make policy actions based on the construction of an image, not just its content. This is particularly useful for enforcing best practices or metadata inclusion (e.g. labels) on images.

Anchore is either given a dockerfile or infers one from the docker image layer history. There are implications to what data is available and what it means depending on these differing sources, so first, we’ll cover the input data for the gate and how it impacts the triggers and parameters used.

The “dockerfile”

The data that this gate operates on can come from two different sources:

1. The actual dockerfile used to build an image, as provided by the user at the time of running anchorectl image add <img ref> --dockerfile <filename> or the corresponding API call to: POST /images?dockerfile=
2. The history from layers as encoded in the image itself (see docker history <img> for this output)

All images have data from history available, but data from the actual dockerfile is only available when a user provides it. This also means that any images analyzed by the tag watcher functionality will not have an actual dockerfile.

The FROM line

In the actual dockerfile, the FROM instruction is preserved and available as used to build the image, however in the history data, the FROM line will always be the very first FROM instruction used to build the image and all of its dependent based image. Thus, for most images, the value in the history will be omitted and Anchore will automatically infer a FROM scratch line, which is logically inserted for this gate if the dockerfile/history does not contain an explicit FROM entry.

For example, using the docker.io/jenkins/jenkins image:

IMAGE                                                                     CREATED             CREATED BY                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       SIZE                COMMENT
sha256:3b9c9666a66e53473c05a3c69eb2cb888a8268f76935eecc7530653cddc28981   11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:3a15c25533fd87983edc33758f62af7b543ccc3ce9dd570e473eb0702f5f298e in /usr/local/bin/install-plugins.sh                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                8.79kB              
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:f97999fac8a63cf8b635a54ea84a2bc95ae3da4d81ab55267c92b28b502d8812 in /usr/local/bin/plugins.sh                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.96kB              
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/tini" "--" "/usr/local/bin/jenkins.sh"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:dc942ca949bb159f81bbc954773b3491e433d2d3e3ef90bac80ecf48a313c9c9 in /bin/tini                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        529B                
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:a8f986413b77bf4d88562b9d3a0dce98ab6e75403192aa4d4153fb41f450843d in /usr/local/bin/jenkins.sh                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.45kB              
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:55594d9d2aed007553a6743a43039b1a48b30527f8fb991ad93e1fd5b1298f60 in /usr/local/bin/jenkins-support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   6.12kB              
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  USER jenkins                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV COPY_REFERENCE_FILE_LOG=/var/jenkins_home/copy_reference_file.log                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 50000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 8080                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        |9 JENKINS_SHA=e026221efcec9528498019b6c1581cca70fe9c3f6b10303777d85c6699bca0e4 JENKINS_URL=https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/public/org/jenkins-ci/main/jenkins-war/2.161/jenkins-war-2.161.war TINI_VERSION=v0.16.1 agent_port=50000 gid=1000 group=jenkins http_port=8080 uid=1000 user=jenkins /bin/sh -c chown -R ${user} "$JENKINS_HOME" /usr/share/jenkins/ref                                                                                                                                                                                                  328B                
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JENKINS_INCREMENTALS_REPO_MIRROR=https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/incrementals                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JENKINS_UC_EXPERIMENTAL=https://updates.jenkins.io/experimental                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JENKINS_UC=https://updates.jenkins.io                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        |9 JENKINS_SHA=e026221efcec9528498019b6c1581cca70fe9c3f6b10303777d85c6699bca0e4 JENKINS_URL=https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/public/org/jenkins-ci/main/jenkins-war/2.161/jenkins-war-2.161.war TINI_VERSION=v0.16.1 agent_port=50000 gid=1000 group=jenkins http_port=8080 uid=1000 user=jenkins /bin/sh -c curl -fsSL ${JENKINS_URL} -o /usr/share/jenkins/jenkins.war   && echo "${JENKINS_SHA}  /usr/share/jenkins/jenkins.war" | sha256sum -c -                                                                                                                  76MB                
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG JENKINS_URL=https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/public/org/jenkins-ci/main/jenkins-war/2.161/jenkins-war-2.161.war                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG JENKINS_SHA=5bb075b81a3929ceada4e960049e37df5f15a1e3cfc9dc24d749858e70b48919                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JENKINS_VERSION=2.161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG JENKINS_VERSION                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:c84b91c835048a52bb864c1f4662607c56befe3c4b1520b0ea94633103a4554f in /usr/share/jenkins/ref/init.groovy.d/tcp-slave-agent-port.groovy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 328B                
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        |7 TINI_VERSION=v0.16.1 agent_port=50000 gid=1000 group=jenkins http_port=8080 uid=1000 user=jenkins /bin/sh -c curl -fsSL https://github.com/krallin/tini/releases/download/${TINI_VERSION}/tini-static-$(dpkg --print-architecture) -o /sbin/tini   && curl -fsSL https://github.com/krallin/tini/releases/download/${TINI_VERSION}/tini-static-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc -o /sbin/tini.asc   && gpg --no-tty --import ${JENKINS_HOME}/tini_pub.gpg   && gpg --verify /sbin/tini.asc   && rm -rf /sbin/tini.asc /root/.gnupg   && chmod +x /sbin/tini   866kB               
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:653491cb486e752a4c2b4b407a46ec75646a54eabb597634b25c7c2b82a31424 in /var/jenkins_home/tini_pub.gpg                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   7.15kB              
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG TINI_VERSION=v0.16.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        |6 agent_port=50000 gid=1000 group=jenkins http_port=8080 uid=1000 user=jenkins /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /usr/share/jenkins/ref/init.groovy.d                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  VOLUME [/var/jenkins_home]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        |6 agent_port=50000 gid=1000 group=jenkins http_port=8080 uid=1000 user=jenkins /bin/sh -c mkdir -p $JENKINS_HOME   && chown ${uid}:${gid} $JENKINS_HOME   && groupadd -g ${gid} ${group}   && useradd -d "$JENKINS_HOME" -u ${uid} -g ${gid} -m -s /bin/bash ${user}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            328kB               
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JENKINS_SLAVE_AGENT_PORT=50000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JENKINS_HOME=/var/jenkins_home                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG JENKINS_HOME=/var/jenkins_home                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG agent_port=50000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG http_port=8080                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG gid=1000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG uid=1000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG group=jenkins                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG user=jenkins                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0B                  
<missing>                                                                 11 hours ago        /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y git curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0B                  
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -ex;   if [ ! -d /usr/share/man/man1 ]; then   mkdir -p /usr/share/man/man1;  fi;   apt-get update;  apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends   openjdk-8-jdk="$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION"  ;  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;   [ "$(readlink -f "$JAVA_HOME")" = "$(docker-java-home)" ];   update-alternatives --get-selections | awk -v home="$(readlink -f "$JAVA_HOME")" 'index($3, home) == 1 { $2 = "manual"; print | "update-alternatives --set-selections" }';  update-alternatives --query java | grep -q 'Status: manual'                    348MB               
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u181-b13-2~deb9u1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0B                  
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JAVA_VERSION=8u181                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0B                  
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0B                  
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c ln -svT "/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" /docker-java-home                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  33B                 
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c {   echo '#!/bin/sh';   echo 'set -e';   echo;   echo 'dirname "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$(which javac || which java)")")"';  } > /usr/local/bin/docker-java-home  && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-java-home                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       87B                 
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV LANG=C.UTF-8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0B                  
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends   bzip2   unzip   xz-utils  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2.21MB              
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends   bzr   git   mercurial   openssh-client   subversion     procps  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         142MB               
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -ex;  if ! command -v gpg > /dev/null; then   apt-get update;   apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends    gnupg    dirmngr   ;   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;  fi                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             7.81MB              
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends   ca-certificates   curl   netbase   wget  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                23.2MB              
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0B                  
<missing>                                                                 3 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:da71baf0d22cb2ede91c5e3ff959607e47459a9d7bda220a62a3da362b0e59ea in /                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 101MB

Where the actual dockerfile for that image is:

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-stretch

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y git curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

ARG user=jenkins
ARG group=jenkins
ARG uid=1000
ARG gid=1000
ARG http_port=8080
ARG agent_port=50000
ARG JENKINS_HOME=/var/jenkins_home

ENV JENKINS_HOME $JENKINS_HOME
ENV JENKINS_SLAVE_AGENT_PORT ${agent_port}

# Jenkins is run with user `jenkins`, uid = 1000
# If you bind mount a volume from the host or a data container,
# ensure you use the same uid
RUN mkdir -p $JENKINS_HOME \
  && chown ${uid}:${gid} $JENKINS_HOME \
  && groupadd -g ${gid} ${group} \
  && useradd -d "$JENKINS_HOME" -u ${uid} -g ${gid} -m -s /bin/bash ${user}

# Jenkins home directory is a volume, so configuration and build history
# can be persisted and survive image upgrades
VOLUME $JENKINS_HOME

# `/usr/share/jenkins/ref/` contains all reference configuration we want
# to set on a fresh new installation. Use it to bundle additional plugins
# or config file with your custom jenkins Docker image.
RUN mkdir -p /usr/share/jenkins/ref/init.groovy.d

# Use tini as subreaper in Docker container to adopt zombie processes
ARG TINI_VERSION=v0.16.1
COPY tini_pub.gpg ${JENKINS_HOME}/tini_pub.gpg
RUN curl -fsSL https://github.com/krallin/tini/releases/download/${TINI_VERSION}/tini-static-$(dpkg --print-architecture) -o /sbin/tini \
  && curl -fsSL https://github.com/krallin/tini/releases/download/${TINI_VERSION}/tini-static-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc -o /sbin/tini.asc \
  && gpg --no-tty --import ${JENKINS_HOME}/tini_pub.gpg \
  && gpg --verify /sbin/tini.asc \
  && rm -rf /sbin/tini.asc /root/.gnupg \
  && chmod +x /sbin/tini

COPY init.groovy /usr/share/jenkins/ref/init.groovy.d/tcp-slave-agent-port.groovy

# jenkins version being bundled in this docker image
ARG JENKINS_VERSION
ENV JENKINS_VERSION ${JENKINS_VERSION:-2.121.1}

# jenkins.war checksum, download will be validated using it
ARG JENKINS_SHA=5bb075b81a3929ceada4e960049e37df5f15a1e3cfc9dc24d749858e70b48919

# Can be used to customize where jenkins.war get downloaded from
ARG JENKINS_URL=https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/public/org/jenkins-ci/main/jenkins-war/${JENKINS_VERSION}/jenkins-war-${JENKINS_VERSION}.war

# could use ADD but this one does not check Last-Modified header neither does it allow to control checksum
# see https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/8331
RUN curl -fsSL ${JENKINS_URL} -o /usr/share/jenkins/jenkins.war \
  && echo "${JENKINS_SHA}  /usr/share/jenkins/jenkins.war" | sha256sum -c -

ENV JENKINS_UC https://updates.jenkins.io
ENV JENKINS_UC_EXPERIMENTAL=https://updates.jenkins.io/experimental
ENV JENKINS_INCREMENTALS_REPO_MIRROR=https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/incrementals
RUN chown -R ${user} "$JENKINS_HOME" /usr/share/jenkins/ref

# for main web interface:
EXPOSE ${http_port}

# will be used by attached slave agents:
EXPOSE ${agent_port}

ENV COPY_REFERENCE_FILE_LOG $JENKINS_HOME/copy_reference_file.log

USER ${user}

COPY jenkins-support /usr/local/bin/jenkins-support
COPY jenkins.sh /usr/local/bin/jenkins.sh
COPY tini-shim.sh /bin/tini
ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/tini", "--", "/usr/local/bin/jenkins.sh"]

# from a derived Dockerfile, can use `RUN plugins.sh active.txt` to setup /usr/share/jenkins/ref/plugins from a support bundle
COPY plugins.sh /usr/local/bin/plugins.sh
COPY install-plugins.sh /usr/local/bin/install-plugins.sh

Anchore will detect the history/dockerfile as this, if not explicitly provided (note order is reversed from docker history output, so it reads in same order as actual dockerfile):

[
   {
      "Size" : 45323792,
      "Tags" : [],
      "Comment" : "",
      "Id" : "sha256:cd8eada9c7bb496eb685fc6d2198c33db7cb05daf0fde42e4cf5bf0127cbdf38",
      "Created" : "2018-12-28T23:29:37.981962131Z",
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:da71baf0d22cb2ede91c5e3ff959607e47459a9d7bda220a62a3da362b0e59ea in / "
   },
   {
      "Size" : 0,
      "Tags" : [],
      "Comment" : "",
      "Id" : "<missing>",
      "Created" : "2018-12-28T23:29:38.226681736Z",
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD [\"bash\"]"
   },
   {
      "Size" : 10780911,
      "Comment" : "",
      "Tags" : [],
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \t\tca-certificates \t\tcurl \t\tnetbase \t\twget \t&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*",
      "Created" : "2018-12-29T00:04:28.920875483Z",
      "Id" : "sha256:c2677faec825930a8844845f55454ee0495ceb5bea9fc904d5b3125de863dc1d"
   },
   {
      "Comment" : "",
      "Tags" : [],
      "Size" : 4340024,
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c set -ex; \tif ! command -v gpg > /dev/null; then \t\tapt-get update; \t\tapt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \t\t\tgnupg \t\t\tdirmngr \t\t; \t\trm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \tfi",
      "Created" : "2018-12-29T00:04:34.642152001Z",
      "Id" : "sha256:fcce419a96b1219a265bf7a933d66b585a6f8d73448533f3833c73ad49fb5e88"
   },
   {
      "Size" : 50062697,
      "Tags" : [],
      "Comment" : "",
      "Id" : "sha256:045b51e26e750443c84216071a1367a7aae0b76245800629dc04934628b4b1ea",
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \t\tbzr \t\tgit \t\tmercurial \t\topenssh-client \t\tsubversion \t\t\t\tprocps \t&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*",
      "Created" : "2018-12-29T00:04:59.676112605Z"
   },
 ... <truncated for brevity> ...
   {
      "Tags" : [],
      "Comment" : "",
      "Size" : 0,
      "Id" : "<missing>",
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT [\"/sbin/tini\" \"--\" \"/usr/local/bin/jenkins.sh\"]",
      "Created" : "2019-01-21T08:56:30.737221895Z"
   },
   {
      "Size" : 1549,
      "Tags" : [],
      "Comment" : "",
      "Id" : "sha256:283cd3aba8691a3b9d22d923de66243b105758e74de7d9469fe55a6a58aeee30",
      "Created" : "2019-01-21T08:56:32.015667468Z",
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:f97999fac8a63cf8b635a54ea84a2bc95ae3da4d81ab55267c92b28b502d8812 in /usr/local/bin/plugins.sh "
   },
   {
      "Comment" : "",
      "Tags" : [],
      "Size" : 3079,
      "Created" : "2019-01-21T08:56:33.158854485Z",
      "CreatedBy" : "/bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:3a15c25533fd87983edc33758f62af7b543ccc3ce9dd570e473eb0702f5f298e in /usr/local/bin/install-plugins.sh ",
      "Id" : "sha256:b0ce8ab5a5a7da5d762f25af970f4423b98437a8318cb9852c3f21354cbf914f"
   }
]

NOTE: Anchore processes the leading /bin/sh commands, so you do not have to include those in any trigger param config if using the docker history output.

The actual_dockerfile_only Parameter

The actual vs history impacts the semantics of the dockerfile gate’s triggers. To allow explicit control of the differences, most triggers in this gate includes a parameter: actual_dockerfile_only that if set to true or false will ensure the trigger check is only done on the source of data specified. If actual_dockerfile_only = true, then the trigger will evaluate only if an actual dockerfile is available for the image and will skip evaluation if not. If actual_dockerfile_only is false or omitted, then the trigger will run on the actual dockerfile if available, or the history data if the dockerfile was not provided.

Differences in data between Docker History and actual Dockerfile

With Actual Dockerfile:

1. FROM line is preserved, so the parent tag of the image is easily available
2. Instruction checks are all against instructions created during the build for that exact image, not any parent images
   1. When the actual_dockerfile_only parameter is set to true, all instructions from the parent image are ignored in policy processing. This may have some unexpected consequences depending on how your images are structured and layered (e.g. golden base images that establish common patterns of volumes, labels, healthchecks)
3. COPY/ADD instructions will maintain the actual values used
4. Multistage-builds in that specific dockerfile will be visible with multiple FROM lines in the output

With Docker History data, when no dockerfile is provided:

1. FROM line is not accurate, and will nearly always default to ‘FROM scratch’
2. Instructions are processed from all layers in the image
3. COPY and ADD instructions are transformed into SHAs rather than the actual file path/name used at build-time
4. Multi-stage builds are not tracked with multiple FROM lines, only the copy operations between the phases

Trigger: instruction

This trigger evaluates instructions found in the “dockerfile”.

Parameters

actual_dockerfile_only (optional): See above

instruction: The dockerfile instruction to check against. One of:

• ADD
• ARG
• COPY
• CMD
• ENTRYPOINT
• ENV
• EXPOSE
• FROM
• HEALTHCHECK
• LABEL
• MAINTAINER
• ONBUILD
• USER
• RUN
• SHELL
• STOPSIGNAL
• VOLUME
• WORKDIR

check: The comparison/evaluation to perform. One of: =, != , exists, not_exists, like, not_like, in, not_in.

value (optional): A string value to compare against, if applicable.

Examples

1. Ensure an image has a HEALTHCHECK defined in the image (warn if not found).

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "instruction", 
  "action": "warn", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "instruction",
      "value": "HEALTHCHECK"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "check",
      "value": "not_exists"
    }
  ]
}

2. Check for AWS environment variables set.

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "instruction", 
  "action": "stop", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "instruction",
      "value": "ENV"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "check",
      "value": "like"
    },
    {
      "name": "value",
      "value": "AWS_.*KEY"
    }
  ]
}

Trigger: packages_added

This trigger warns if a package was added to the SBOM.

Parameters

package_type (optional)

Example

Raise a warning if packages were added.

  {
   "action": "WARN",
   "gate": "tag_drift",
   "trigger": "packages_added",
   "params": [],
   "id": "1ba3461f-b9db-4a6c-ac88-329d38e08df5"
  }

Trigger: packages_removed

This trigger warns if a package was deleted from the SBOM.

Parameters

package_type (optional)

Example

Raise a warning if packages were deleted.

  {
   "action": "WARN",
   "gate": "tag_drift",
   "trigger": "packages_removed",
   "params": [],
   "id": "de05d77b-1f93-4df4-a65d-57d9042b1f3a"
  }

Trigger: packages_modified

This trigger warns if a package was changed in the SBOM.

Parameters

package_type (optional)

Example

Raise a warning if packages were changed.

  {
   "action": "WARN",
   "gate": "tag_drift",
   "trigger": "packages_modified",
   "params": [],
   "id": "1168b0ac-df6c-4715-8077-2cb3e016cf63"
  }

Trigger: effective_user

This trigger processes all USER directives in the dockerfile or history to determine which user will be used to run the container by default (assuming no user is set explicitly at runtime). The detected value is then subject to a allowlist or denylist filter depending on the configured parameters. Typically, this is used for denylisting the root user.

Parameters

actual_dockerfile_only (optional): See above

users: A string with a comma delimited list of username to check for.

type: The type of check to perform. One of: ‘denylist’ or ‘allowlist’. This determines how the value of the ‘users’ parameter is interpreted.

Examples

1. Denylist root user.

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "effective_user", 
  "action": "stop", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "users",
      "value": "root"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "type",
      "value": "denylist"
    }
  ]
}

2. Denylist root user but only if set in actual dockerfile, not inherited from parent image.

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "effective_user", 
  "action": "stop", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "users",
      "value": "root"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "type",
      "value": "denylist"
    },
    {
      "name": "actual_dockerfile_only",
      "value": "true"
    }
  ]
}

3. Warn if the user is not either “nginx” or “jenkins”.

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "effective_user", 
  "action": "warn", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "users",
      "value": "nginx,jenkins"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "type",
      "value": "allowlist"
    }
  ]
}

Trigger: exposed_ports

This trigger processes the set of EXPOSE directives in the dockerfile/history to determine the set of ports that are defined to be exposed (since it can span multiple directives). It performs checks on that set to denylist/allowlist them based on parameter settings.

Parameters

actual_dockerfile_only (optional): See above

ports: String of comma delimited port numbers to be checked.

type: The type of check to perform. One of: ‘denylist’ or ‘allowlist’. This determines how the value of the ‘users’ parameter is interpreted.

Examples

1. Allow only ports 80 and 443. Trigger will fire on any port defined to be exposed that is not 80 or 443.

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "exposed_ports", 
  "action": "warn", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "ports",
      "value": "80,443"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "type",
      "value": "allowlist"
    }
  ]
}

2. Denylist ports 21 (ftp), 22 (ssh), and 53 (dns) . Trigger will fire a match on ports 21, 22, 53 if found in EXPOSE directives.

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "exposed_ports", 
  "action": "warn", 
  "parameters": [ 
    {
      "name": "ports",
      "value": "21,22,53"
    }, 
    {
      "name": "type",
      "value": "denylist"
    }
  ]
}

Trigger: no_dockerfile_provided

This trigger allows checks on the way the image was added, firing if the dockerfile was not explicitly provided at analysis time. This is useful in identifying and qualifying other trigger matches.

Parameters

None

Examples

1. Raise a warning if no dockerfile was provided at analysis time .

{
  "gate": "dockerfile",
  "trigger": "no_dockerfile_provided", 
  "action": "warn", 
  "parameters": [] 
}

1.6.2 - Evaluating Images Against Policies

Introduction

The evaluate command can be used to evaluate a given image for policy compliance.

The image to be evaluated can be in the following format:

• Image Digest
• Image ID
• registry/repo:tag

Using the Evaluate command

# anchorectl image check docker.io/debian:latest
 ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                                                                                                                                                              docker.io/debian:latest
Tag: docker.io/debian:latest
Digest: sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc
Policy ID: 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
Last Evaluation: 2023-10-25T20:34:43Z
Evaluation: fail

By default, only the summary of the evaluation is shown. Passing the --detail parameter will show the policy checks that raised warnings or errors.

# anchorectl image check docker.io/debian:latest --detail
 ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                                                                                                                                                              docker.io/debian:latest
Tag: docker.io/debian:latest
Digest: sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc
Policy ID: 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
Last Evaluation: 2023-10-25T20:35:05Z
Evaluation: fail
Final Action: stop
Reason: policy_evaluation

Policy Evaluation Details:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────┐
│ GATE            │ TRIGGER     │ DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                    │ STATUS │
├─────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────┤
│ dockerfile      │ instruction │ Dockerfile directive 'HEALTHCHECK' not found, matching condition 'not_exists' check                                                            │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ MEDIUM Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - libgnutls30 (CVE-2011-3389 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3389) │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ CRITICAL Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - zlib1g (CVE-2022-37434 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-37434)  │ stop   │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘

In this example we specified library/repo:tag which could be ambiguous. At the time of writing the image Digest for library/debian:latest was sha256:0fc..... however previously different images may have been tagged as library/debian:latest. The --history parameter can be passed to show historic evaluations based on previous images or previous policies.

Anchore supports allowlisting and denylisting images by their name, ID or digest. A denylist or allowlist takes precedence over any policy checks. For example if an image is explicitly listed as denylisted then even if all the individual policy checks pass the image will still fail evaluation.

# anchorectl image check docker.io/debian:latest --detail
 ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                                                                                                                                                              docker.io/debian:latest
Tag: docker.io/debian:latest
Digest: sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc
Policy ID: 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
Last Evaluation: 2023-10-25T20:39:36Z
Evaluation: fail
Final Action: stop
Reason: denylisted

Policy Evaluation Details:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────┐
│ GATE            │ TRIGGER     │ DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                    │ STATUS │
├─────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────┤
│ dockerfile      │ instruction │ Dockerfile directive 'HEALTHCHECK' not found, matching condition 'not_exists' check                                                            │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ MEDIUM Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - libgnutls30 (CVE-2011-3389 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3389) │ warn   │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘

In this example even though the image only had one policy check that raised a warning the image fails policy evaluation since it is present on a denylist.

Evaluating status based on Digest or ID

Performing an evaluation on an image specified by name is not recommended since an image name is ambiguous. For example the tag docker.io/library/centos:latest refers to whatever image has the tag library/centos:latest at the time of evaluation. At any point in time another image may be tagged as library/centos:latest.

It is recommended that images are referenced by their Digest. For example at the time of writing the digest of the ‘current’ library/centos:latest image is sha256:191c883e479a7da2362b2d54c0840b2e8981e5ab62e11ab925abf8808d3d5d44

If the image to be evaluated is specified by Image ID or Image Digest then the --tag parameter must be added. Policies are mapped to images based on registry/repo:tag so since an Image ID may may to multiple different names we must specify the name user in the evaluation.

For example - referencing by Image Digest:

# anchorectl image check docker.io/debian@sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc --detail --tag docker.io/debian:latest
 ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                                                                                             docker.io/debian@sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc
Tag: docker.io/debian:latest
Digest: sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc
Policy ID: 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
Last Evaluation: 2023-10-25T20:44:24Z
Evaluation: fail
Final Action: stop
Reason: denylisted

Policy Evaluation Details:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────┐
│ GATE            │ TRIGGER     │ DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                    │ STATUS │
├─────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────┤
│ dockerfile      │ instruction │ Dockerfile directive 'HEALTHCHECK' not found, matching condition 'not_exists' check                                                            │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ MEDIUM Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - libgnutls30 (CVE-2011-3389 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3389) │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ CRITICAL Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - zlib1g (CVE-2022-37434 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-37434)  │ stop   │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘

For example - referencing by image ID:

# anchorectl image check dd8bae8d259fed93eb54b3bca0adeb647fc07f6ef16745c8ed4144ada4d51a95  --detail --tag docker.io/debian:latest
 ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                                                                                                                     dd8bae8d259fed93eb54b3bca0adeb647fc07f6ef16745c8ed4144ada4d51a95
Tag: docker.io/debian:latest
Digest: sha256:0fcb5a38077422c4e70c5c43be21831193ff4559d143e27d8d5721e7a814bdcc
Policy ID: 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060
Last Evaluation: 2023-10-25T20:45:20Z
Evaluation: fail
Final Action: stop
Reason: denylisted

Policy Evaluation Details:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────┐
│ GATE            │ TRIGGER     │ DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                    │ STATUS │
├─────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────┤
│ dockerfile      │ instruction │ Dockerfile directive 'HEALTHCHECK' not found, matching condition 'not_exists' check                                                            │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ MEDIUM Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - libgnutls30 (CVE-2011-3389 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3389) │ warn   │
│ vulnerabilities │ package     │ CRITICAL Vulnerability found in os package type (dpkg) - zlib1g (CVE-2022-37434 - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-37434)  │ stop   │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘

1.6.3 - SBOM Drift

Software bill of materials (SBOM) drift is understanding how SBOMs change over time, and is a key part of managing your SBOMs. The nature of changes themselves may give early warning into unexpected behavior or intrusion into the build system that a review without context from previous builds would not easily be able to identify.

To do this, you set triggers for policy violations on changes in the SBOM between images with the same tag so that it can detect drift over time between builds of your images.

Gate: tag_drift

The triggers are:

• packages_added
• packages_removed
• packages_modified

The “tag_drift” gate compares the SBOMs from the image being evaluated as input, and the SBOM of the image that precedes the input image with the requested tag provided for policy evaluation. The triggers in this gate evaluate the result to determine if packages were added, removed, or modified.

Trigger: packages_added

This trigger warns if a package was added to the SBOM.

Parameters

Optional parameter: “package_type”

Example

Raise a warning if packages were added.

  {
   "action": "WARN",
   "gate": "tag_drift",
   "trigger": "packages_added",
   "params": [],
   "id": "1ba3461f-b9db-4a6c-ac88-329d38e08df5"
  }

Trigger: packages_removed

This trigger warns if a package was deleted from the SBOM.

Parameters

Optional parameter: “package_type”

Example

Raise a warning if packages were deleted.

  {
   "action": "WARN",
   "gate": "tag_drift",
   "trigger": "packages_removed",
   "params": [],
   "id": "de05d77b-1f93-4df4-a65d-57d9042b1f3a"
  }

Trigger: packages_modified

This trigger warns if a package was changed in the SBOM.

Parameters

Optional parameter: “package_type”

Example

Raise a warning if packages were changed.

  {
   "action": "WARN",
   "gate": "tag_drift",
   "trigger": "packages_modified",
   "params": [],
   "id": "1168b0ac-df6c-4715-8077-2cb3e016cf63"
  }

Related Topics

• SBOM Generation and Management
• Observe Applications in Enterprise
• Anchore Enterprise Application Groups
• SBOM Generation and Management from Source Repository - AnchoreCTL
• SBOM Generation and Management from Source Repository - Anchore API

2 - Policies

Introduction

Anchore Enterprise can currently scan for the following compliance frameworks:

• FedRAMP
• NIST
• DoD

2.1 - FedRAMP

Throughout this guide, we break down the deployment and configuration of the FedRAMP policy with the following sections:

• Introduction
• Deployment
• Configure

Introduction

FedRAMP (Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program) is a standardized approach for assessing, authorizing, and monitoring cloud service providers (CSPs) that provide service to federal agencies. Through a rigorous and comprehensive process, FedRAMP ensures that CSPs meet security standards by providing a baseline set of security controls in order to enhance the overall security for federal information systems.

Anchore’s FedRAMP policy validates whether container images scanned by Anchore Enterprise are compliant with the FedRAMP Vulnerability Scanning Requirements and also validates them against FedRAMP controls specified in NIST 800-53 Rev 5 and NIST 800-190.

Anchore’s FedRAMP policy only checks for specification requirements relevant to software supply chain security.

Anchore’s FedRAMP policy checks for the following specifications:

• AC-6(10) ACCESS CONTROL: Prevent Non-Privileged Users from Executing Privileged Functions
• CM-2(2), CM-3(1), CM-6 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Baseline Configuration | Configure Systems and Components for High-risk Areas
• CM-10 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Software Usage Restrictions
• CM-5(5) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Access Restrictions for Change | Privilege Limitation for Production and Operation
• CM-7(1) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Least Functionality - Network Port Exposure Checks
• CM-7(5), CM-8(3) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Least Functionality - Container Image Build Content Checks
• IA-05(7) IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION: Authenticator Management | No Embedded Unencrypted Static Authenticators
• RA-5, SI-02(2) RISK ASSESSMENT: Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning
• SC-5 SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATIONS PROTECTION: Denial-of-Service Protection

Enabling the FedRAMP Policy

1. If you are an Anchore Enterprise customer, you will receive an email, which includes a json file for the specific FedRAMP policy that comes with your service.

2. Navigate to the Policies tab in Anchore Enterprise and click on the ‘Import Policy’.

   

3. Drag and drop, or paste the .json file to import the policy into Anchore Enterprise.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy add --input FedRAMP_policy_pack_json_file
   ✔ Added policy                                                                                                                         
   Name: Anchore FedRAMP v5 Checks
   Policy Id: 1346c770-c49b-46be-b8f0-961ee40afbc3
   Active: false
   Updated: 2024-05-01T21:09:41Z
   

4. After a successful import, the FedRAMP policy will be available in the Policies tab.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy list
   ✔ Fetched policies
   ┌───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────────────────────┐
   │ NAME                      │ POLICY ID                            │ ACTIVE │ UPDATED              │
   ├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────┤
   │ Default policy            │ 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060 │ true   │ 2024-04-25T18:21:54Z │
   │ Anchore FedRAMP v5 Checks │ 1346c770-c49b-46be-b8f0-961ee40afbc3 │ false  │ 2024-04-25T18:23:10Z │
   └───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┴────────┴──────────────────────┘
   

   In order to activate the FedRAMP policy, simply click on the circle under ‘Active’.

   

   Once activated, you will see that the FedRAMP policy is highlighted in green.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy activate 1346c770-c49b-46be-b8f0-961ee40afbc3 
   ✔ Activate policy
   Name: Anchore FedRAMP v5 Checks
   Policy Id: 1346c770-c49b-46be-b8f0-961ee40afbc3
   Active: true
   Updated: 2024-04-25T18:30:24Z
   

5. Navigate to the Image tab in Anchore Enterprise and you will now be able to evaluate an image with the FedRAMP policy.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   As an example, we will add a centos image and evaluate it using the FedRAMP policy. please give it some time for Anchore to analyze the image when added

   # anchorectl image add docker.io/centos:latest --wait
   ✔ Added Image                                                                                                                docker.io/centos:latest
   ✔ Analyzed Image                                                                                                             docker.io/centos:latest
   Image:
     status:           analyzed (active)
     tag:              docker.io/centos:latest
     digest:           sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc
     id:               5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
     distro:           centos@8 (amd64)
     layers:           1
   

   To apply the active FedRAMP policy and see all the details of violation:

   #anchorectl image check docker.io/centos:latest --detail
   

   To apply the active FedRAMP policy and get a simple pass/fail check:

   #anchorectl image check -f docker.io/centos:latest
   ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                                         docker.io/centos:latest
   Tag: docker.io/centos:latest
   Digest: sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc
   Policy ID: 1346c770-c49b-46be-b8f0-961ee40afbc3
   Last Evaluation: 2024-04-25T18:40:15Z
   Evaluation: fail
   Final Action: stop
   Reason: policy_evaluation
   error: 1 error occurred:
     * failed policies: 
   

Configuring Rule Sets for the FedRAMP Policy

Some of the control specifications need configuration based on the user’s environment. The control specifications are represented by ‘Rule Sets’ in Anchore Enterprise. Navigate to the Policies tab and click on the ‘Edit’ under ‘Actions’.

It is recommended all configuration changes to rule sets be done in the Anchore Enterprise UI.

You will be able to view all the FedRAMP specifications Anchore analyzes for. Under each Rule Set, please edit the ones that require configuration.

As an example, a user may need to change the port configuration for CM-7(1) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, which checks for network port exposures.

Make sure to go through each of the Rule Sets to configure all applicable specifications. Save and close.

The following rule sets MUST be configured before using the FedRAMP policy:

• CM-2(2), CM-3(1), CM-6 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Baseline Configuration | Configure Systems and Components for High-risk Areas
• CM-10 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Software Usage Restrictions
• CM-5(5) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Access Restrictions for Change | Privilege Limitation for Production and Operation
• CM-7(1) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Least Functionality - Network Port Exposure Checks
• CM-7(5), CM-8(3) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT: Least Functionality - Container Image Build Content Checks

2.2 - NIST

Throughout this guide, we break down the deployment and configuration of the NIST policy with the following sections:

• Introduction
• Deployment
• Configure

Introduction

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a non-regulatory agency of the U.S Commerce Department that provides industry standards and guidelines to help federal agencies meet requirements set by the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA).

Anchore Enterprise scans for the following NIST policies:

• NIST 800-53
• NIST 800-190

Anchore also covers NIST 800-218 (SSDF) with the SSDF Attestation Form Guide and Evidence document, which includes evidence-based artifacts for an official SSDF Attestation Form submission. To learn more, click here.

NIST 800-53 provides guidelines to ensure the security of information systems used within the federal government. In order to maintain the integrity, confidentiality and security of federal information systems, NIST 800-53 provides a catalogue of controls in order for federal agencies to meet industry standard and compliance.

Anchore checks for the following control specifications in the NIST 800-53 policy:

• AC-6(10) Container Image Must Have Permissions Removed from Executables that Allow a User to Execute Software at Higher Privileges
• CM-6(b) Confidential Data Checks
• CM-7(1b) Network Port Exposure Checks
• CM-7(a) Container Image Build Content Checks
• IA-5(2a) Base Image Checks
• IA-5(7) Embedded Credentials
• RA-5 Software Vulnerability Checks
• SC-5 Image Checks
• SC-8(2) Base Image Checks
• SI-2(6) Image Software Update/Layer Checks

NIST 800-190 provides guidelines to ensure the security of application containers used within the federal government. In order to maintain the integrity, confidentiality and security of federal application containers, NIST 800-190 provides a catalogue of controls in order for federal agencies to meet industry standard and compliance.

Anchore checks for the following control specifications in the NIST 800-190 policy:

• 3.1.1 Image Vulnerabilities
• 3.1.2 Image Configuration Defects
• 3.1.3 Embedded Malware
• 3.1.4 Embedded Clear Text Secrets

Enabling the NIST Policy

For this walkthrough, we will be using the NIST 800-53 policy for demonstration.

1. If you are an Anchore Enterprise customer, you will receive an email, which includes a json file for the NIST 800-53 policy that comes with your service.

2. Navigate to the Policies tab in Anchore Enterprise and click on the ‘Import Policy’.

   

3. Drag and drop, or paste the .json file to import the policy into Anchore Enterprise.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy add --input NIST_800_53_policy_pack.json 
   ✔ Added policy                                                                                                                         
   Name: NIST 800-53
   Policy Id: 5-NIST-800-53-policy
   Active: false
   Updated: 2024-05-01T21:05:36Z
   

4. After a successful import, the NIST 800-53 policy will be available in the Policies tab.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy list
   ✔ Fetched policies                                                                                                                     
   ┌────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────────────────────┐
   │ NAME           │ POLICY ID                            │ ACTIVE │ UPDATED              │
   ├────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────┤
   │ Default policy │ 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060 │ true   │ 2024-05-01T21:03:55Z │
   │ NIST 800-53    │ 5-NIST-800-53-policy                 │ false  │ 2024-05-01T21:05:36Z │
   └────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┴────────┴──────────────────────┘
   

   In order to activate the NIST 800-53 policy, simply click on the circle under ‘Active’.

   

   Once activated, you will see that the NIST 800-53 policy is highlighted in green.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy activate 5-NIST-800-53-policy 
   ✔ Activate policy                                                                                                                      
   Name: NIST 800-53
   Policy Id: 5-NIST-800-53-policy
   Active: true
   Updated: 2024-05-01T21:15:43Z
   

5. Navigate to the Image tab in Anchore Enterprise and you will now be able to evaluate an image with the NIST 800-53 policy.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   As an example, we will add a centos image and evaluate it using the NIST 800-53 policy. please give it some time for Anchore to analyze the image when added

   # anchorectl image add docker.io/centos:latest --wait
   ✔ Added Image                                                                                                                docker.io/centos:latest
   ✔ Analyzed Image                                                                                                             docker.io/centos:latest
   Image:
     status:           analyzed (active)
     tag:              docker.io/centos:latest
     digest:           sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc
     id:               5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
     distro:           centos@8 (amd64)
     layers:           1
   

   To apply the active NIST 800-53 policy and see all the details of violation:

   #anchorectl image check docker.io/centos:latest --detail
   

   To apply the active NIST 800-53 policy and get a simple pass/fail check:

   #anchorectl image check -f docker.io/centos:latest
   ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                            docker.io/centos:latest
   Tag: docker.io/centos:latest
   Digest: sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc
   Policy ID: 5-NIST-800-53-policy
   Last Evaluation: 2024-05-01T21:17:51Z
   Evaluation: fail
   Final Action: stop
   Reason: denylisted
   error: 1 error occurred:
     * failed policies: 
   

Configuring Rule Sets for the NIST 800-53 Policy

Some of the control specifications need configuration based on the user’s environment. The control specifications are represented by ‘Rule Sets’ in Anchore Enterprise. Navigate to the Policies tab and click on the ‘Edit’ under ‘Actions’.

It is recommended all configuration changes to rule sets be done in the Anchore Enterprise UI.

You will be able to view all the NIST 800-53 specifications Anchore analyzes for.

As an example, a user may need to change the port configuration for CM-7(1b): Network Port Exposure Checks, which checks for network port exposures.

Make sure to go through each of the Rule Sets to configure all applicable specifications. Save and close.

The following rule sets MUST be configured before using the NIST 800-53 policy:

• CM-6(b) Confidential Data Checks
• CM-7(1b) Network Port Exposure Checks
• CM-7(a) Container Image Build Content Checks

2.2.1 - SSDF

In February 2021, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) created NIST SP 800-218, otherwise known as Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF), in response to a new executive order mandated by the federal government.

SSDF provides a comprehensive set of guidelines aimed at integrating security into the software development lifecycle, thereby enhancing the security posture of software products from inception to deployment. To verify and validate that organizations meet the controls needed to be SSDF compliant, CISA created an official SSDF Attestation Form that allows organizations to verify and attest that they adhere to the SSDF guidelines and comply with a subset of security controls.

Purpose

Anchore provides a downloadable document that serves as an evidence attachment for the SSDF Attestation Form. The document makes the assumption Anchore Enterprise is used in the organization’s environment and is configured to scan the software that is in scope for the SSDF Attestation Form.

The SSDF Attestation Form consists of three sections that must be completed. Sections I and II cover organization-specific details, whereas Section III lists requirements against various security controls. The intent of this document is to provide guidance for first time applicants and help organizations save time collecting evidence required for Section III of the SSDF Attestation Form.

Download

Detailed instructions to complete the form can be found on page 1. This document uses the official SSDF Attestation Form as its base template. Once completed, the document can be directly attached to an SSDF Attestation Form submission. Click below to obtain the form:

Additional Resources

1. SSDF Attestation 101: A practical guide for Software Producers - Download eBook
2. Using the Common Form for SSDF Attestation: What Software Producers Need to Know - Read blog
3. Automate NIST compliance and SSDF attestation with Anchore Enterprise - Learn more

If you want to contact one of our experts, please contact us.

2.3 - DoD

Throughout this guide, we break down the deployment and configuration of the DoD policy with the following sections:

• Introduction
• Deployment
• Configure

Introduction

Anchore Enterprise scans for the following DoD policies:

• DISA Image Creation and Deployment Guide
• IronBank

Being part of the Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Information Systems Administration (DISA) is the agency that provides IT and communications support to both the US government and federal organizations. The DISA Image Creation and Deployment Guide Policy provides security and compliance checks that align with specific NIST 800-53 and NIST 800-190 security controls and requirements as described in the DoD Container Image Creation and Deployment Guide.

Anchore checks for the following control specifications in the DISA policy:

• AC6(10) Container Image Must Have Permissions Removed from Executables that Allow a User to Execute Software at Higher Privileges
• CM-6(b) Confidential Data Checks
• CM-7(1b) Network Port Exposure Checks
• CM-7(a) Container Image Build Content Checks
• IA-5(2a) Base Image Checks
• IA-5(7) Embedded Credentials
• RA-5 Software Vulnerability Checks
• SC-5 Image Checks
• SC-8(2) Base Image Checks
• SI-2(6) Image Software Update/Layer Checks

The DoD IronBank policy validates images against DoD security and compliance requirements in alignment with U.S. Air Force security standards at Platform One and IronBank. The IronBank policy has been written in accordance to the following DoD documentation.

• Dockerfile Checks
• User Checks
• File Checks
• Istio Checks
• Software Checks
• Transfer Protocol Checks
• Node.js Checks
• Etcd Checks
• Snort Checks
• Jenkins Checks
• Grafana Checks
• UBI7 Checks
• Chef Checks
• Sonarqube Checks
• Prometheus Checks
• Postgres Checks
• Nginx Checks
• OpenJDK Checks
• Twistlock Checks
• Keycloak Checks
• Fluentd Checks
• Elasticsearch Checks
• Kibana Checks
• Redis Checks
• Apache HTTP Checks
• Apache Tomcat Checks

Enabling the DoD Policy

For this walkthrough, we will be using the IronBank policy for demonstration.

1. If you are an Anchore Enterprise customer, you will receive an email, which includes a json file for the IronBank policy that comes with your service.

2. Navigate to the Policies tab in Anchore Enterprise and click on the ‘Import Policy’.

   

3. Drag and drop, or paste the .json file to import the policy into Anchore Enterprise.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy add --input anchore_dod_iron_bank_security_policies_09212022.json 
   ✔ Added policy                                                                                                                         
   Name: anchore_dod_iron_bank_security_policies_09212022
   Policy Id: 5-DoD-Iron-Bank-Docker
   Active: false
   Updated: 2024-05-03T21:42:53Z
   

4. After a successful import, the IronBank policy will be available in the Policies tab.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy list
   ✔ Fetched policies                                                                                                                     
   ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────────────────────┐
   │ NAME                                             │ POLICY ID                            │ ACTIVE │ UPDATED              │
   ├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼──────────────────────┤
   │ Default policy                                   │ 2c53a13c-1765-11e8-82ef-23527761d060 │ true   │ 2024-05-03T22:04:08Z │
   │ anchore_dod_iron_bank_security_policies_09212022 │ 5-DoD-Iron-Bank-Docker               │ false  │ 2024-05-03T22:04:08Z │
   └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┴────────┴──────────────────────┘
   

   In order to activate the IronBank policy, simply click on the circle under ‘Active’.

   

   Once activated, you will see that the IronBank policy is highlighted in green.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   # anchorectl policy activate 5-DoD-Iron-Bank-Docker 
   ✔ Activate policy                                                                                                                      
   Name: anchore_dod_iron_bank_security_policies_09212022
   Policy Id: 5-DoD-Iron-Bank-Docker
   Active: true
   Updated: 2024-05-03T22:07:54Z
   

5. Navigate to the Image tab in Anchore Enterprise and you will now be able to evaluate an image with the IronBank policy.

   

   Or run the following command using AnchoreCTL

   As an example, we will add a centos image and evaluate it using the IronBank policy. please give it some time for Anchore to analyze the image when added

   # anchorectl image add docker.io/centos:latest --wait
   ✔ Added Image                                                                                                                docker.io/centos:latest
   ✔ Analyzed Image                                                                                                             docker.io/centos:latest
   Image:
   status:           analyzed (active)
   tag:              docker.io/centos:latest
   digest:           sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc
   id:               5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
   distro:           centos@8 (amd64)
   layers:           1
   

   To apply the active IronBank policy and see all the details of violation:

   #anchorectl image check docker.io/centos:latest --detail
   

   To apply the active IronBank policy and get a simple pass/fail check:

   #anchorectl image check -f docker.io/centos:latest
   ✔ Evaluated against policy                  [failed]                                                            docker.io/centos:latest
   Tag: docker.io/centos:latest
   Digest: sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc
   Policy ID: 5-DoD-Iron-Bank-Docker
   Last Evaluation: 2024-05-03T22:08:52Z
   Evaluation: fail
   Final Action: stop
   Reason: policy_evaluation
   

Configuring Rule Sets for the DoD Policy

Some of the control specifications need configuration based on the user’s environment. The control specifications are represented by ‘Rule Sets’ in Anchore Enterprise. Navigate to the Policies tab and click on the ‘Edit’ under ‘Actions’.

It is recommended all configuration changes to rule sets be done in the Anchore Enterprise UI.

The IronBank policy does not need any configuration changes for the Rule Sets. However, the DISA policy will need configuration changes for certain specifications.

As an example, a user may need to change the port configuration for CM-7(1b): Network Port Exposure Checks, which checks for network port exposures.

Make sure to go through each of the Rule Sets to configure all applicable specifications. Save and close.

The following rule sets MUST be configured before using the DISA policy pack:

• CM-6(b) Confidential Data Checks
• CM-7(1b) Network Port Exposure Checks
• CM-7(a) Container Image Build Content Checks